Øivind Hodnebrog

Extreme extremes in Norway

What are the worst possible extreme events a given region in Norway is likely to experience, in current or in future climate? In this project we take a deep dive into the governing meteorological conditions behind extreme extreme (XX) events and investigate the consequences of such events at a local level in Norway.

HYway: Climate Impacts of a HYdrogen economy: the pathWAY to knowledge

The HYway project contributes to the understanding of the climate and environmental risks and co-benefits of a hydrogen economy and aims to advise policymakers and industry on options for addressing those risks.

Hydrogen | Atmospheric particles | Climate Models

AMMONIA: Climate and environmental impacts of green ammonia (NH3)

The development of green ammonia (NH3) has recently gained wide interest due to its potential to decarbonize ammonia production and as a carbon-free solution for energy storage and transportation. Green ammonia production is purely based on renewable energy sources and no carbon is associated with its use, e.g. as a chemical fertilizer, or when ammonia is combusted in an engine. However, the production and use of ammonia come with other climate and environmental challenges due to its alteration of the Earth’s nitrogen cycle.

Transport | Renewable energy | Energy consumption

ReGame: Reliable global methane emissions estimates in a changing world

In REGAME we will update chemistry transport models (FLEXPART, OsloCTM) to include the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of methane (CH4), enabling better constraints on the CH4 budget (KIE is dependent on source/ sink). We will update the atmospheric inversion framework FLXINVERT to include novel use of satellite CH4 fields (Sentinel 5P). This will include significant changes to FLEXINVERT, which will also be applicable to other satellite data e.g. carbon dioxide (co₂) and improve the model capabilities to handle large data fields in general. With these upgrades we assess CH4 emissions from the major sources (wetlands, biomass burning, anthropogenic) at the global scale using all available data (e.g. ICOS, NOAA data, data on ebas.nilu.no). This data includes measurements from the Zeppelin Observatory in the Arctic, to Troll in Antarctica, i.e. from pole-to-pole.

Methane

BUDGET: Constraining future precipitation changes in Europe and the Arctic from historical observations of the atmospheric energy budget

BUDGET will increase our understanding of the causes to why climate models have such large differences in future Arctic rainfall and summer precipitation in northern Europe. This will be accomplished using satellite data and climate model calculations over the last 40 years. The analyzes will provide knowledge of whether processes related to transport in the atmosphere, evaporation or absorption of radiation are the reasons for different results from the climate models. By using and developing the climate models with most realistic precipitation changes and largescale processes in accordance with ground-based observations and satellite measurements, we can improve estimates of precipitation change and related climate extremes.

Precipitation changes | Climate Models

EXHAUSTION

Increasing temperatures and heat waves due to climate change, combined with air pollution, constitute major health risks, and could cause an increase in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases across Europe. EXHAUSTION (Exposure to heat and air pollution in Europe – cardiopulmonary impacts and benefits of mitigation and adaptation) aims to quantify the changes in cardiopulmonary mortality and morbidity due to extreme heat and air pollution (including from wildfires) under selected climate scenarios. EXHAUSTION has its own project website at EXHAUSTION.EU

Health | Air pollution | Heat waves

SUSCAP: Developing resilience and tolerance of crop resource use efficiency to climate change and air pollution

The SUSCAP project is investigating how climate change and air pollution impact crop growth, development and yield in Europe with the aim of increasing the sustainability of agriculture and reduction in the threats to crop resources use efficiency.

Climate impacts internationally | Food and agriculture | Air pollution