This paper presents empirical evidence on the development of the energy policy of the European Union in the period 1985–94, showing how the Commission has worked towards the member states. It highlights the role of the European Court in the process of forging an open market in energy and other field...
Joint Implementation (JI) under the Framework Convention of Climate Change means that countries could partly offset their national abatement commitments by investing in CO2 abatement projects abroad. JI is introduced as a mechanism for achieving a certain global abatement target less costly by separ...
Joint implementation of the Framework Convention for Climate Change means that countries may be credited emission reductions that they finance abroad in order to reduce costs. This paper discusses the aspect of uncertainty in the evaluation of such projects. According to a standard result in recent...
The paper discusses burden-sharing of a common 'ceiling' for total emissions of CO2 for a group of countries. The distribution of quotas is assumed to be based on the anticipated emissions in each country after a uniform carbon tax is imposed. A 'fair' burden can be defined as the resulting reductio...
This essay focusses on the regional regime for protection of the Baltic Sea marine environment. It compares the 1992 Helsinki Convention and the Baltic Sea Joint Comprehensive Environmental Action Plan with the 1974 Helsinki Convention. It is concluded that a regime change recently took place in the...
Denne artikkelen tar opp dilemmaet mellom nasjonal suverenitet og behovet for internasjonalt forpliktende samarbeid innenfor miljø- og ressursforvaltning. UNCED-prosessen har vært preget av denne spenningen spesielt i forhold til Nord/Sør-dialogen. Selv om Rio-erklæringen prioriterer statssuverenite...
Science constitutes a central component in international environmental policy-making. Scientific advisory bodies have increasingly become integral parts of negotiating efforts to combat common environmental problems. Still, the conditions for, and mechanisms under which, scientific knowledge is tran...
This essay focusses on the regional regime for protection of the Baltic Sea marine environment. It compares the 1992 Helsinki Convention and the Baltic Sea Joint Comprehensive Environmental Action Plan with the 1974 Helsinki Convention. It is concluded that a regime change recently took place in the...