Notatet presenterer noen av bidragene fra økonomisk litteratur når det gjelder håndtering av klimaproblemet, og viser at Kyotoprotokollen på en rekke vesentlige punkter avviker fra anbefalinger basert økonomisk teori. Videre viser den at det er nødvendig med betydelig større utslippsreduksjoner enn...
FNs klimapanel (IPCC) ferdigstilte i 2001 sin tredje hovedrapport. En sentral konklusjon er at vi kan vente fortsatte klimaendringer de nærmeste tiårene selv hvis det gjøres en betydelig innsats for å begrense utslippene av klimagasser. Derfor er beredskap for og tilpasning til klimaendringer en nød...
This paper discusses the climate history of the Earth, exploring some of the driving forces of climate change along the way. It points out that it may not be the gradual increase in global mean temperature that we have to fear the most. Rather the variability of the climate may pose an even greater...
Ian Castles and David Henderson have criticized IPCC’s Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) (IPCC, 2000) for using market exchange rates (MER) instead of purchasing power parities (PPP) when converting regional GDP into a common denominator. The consequence is that poor countries generally a...
Hvilke posisjoner har norske industrikommuner i den politiske prosessen rundt reguleringer av utslipp av klimagasser fra industrien og hvilke strategier anvender de for å vinne fram? Dette spørsmålet blir belyst gjennom intervjuer med den politiske ledelsen i fem norske industrikommuner. Konklusjone...
The report identifies the major obstacles to U.S. participation in an international treaty to control greenhouse gas emissions, and suggests some possible strategies for reengaging the United States. It proceeds as follows: Section one outlines the U.S. climate policy process up to the present. Sect...
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES, IPCC, 2000) has been a matter of debate since Ian Castles and David Henderson claimed that the scenarios were based on unsound economics giving rise to improbably high emission growth. A main point in...
Incorporating ozone precursors and particle emissions in future climate policy agreements could improve the level of cost-effectiveness, but would also add complexity and complications to negotiation, reporting and implementation. To assess the cost saving potential, a case study of Norway is carrie...
The objective of this policy paper is twofold: -To present an update on an economic approach to measure sustainable development - the capital approach - and how this approach may be combined with the ecological approach to arrive at indicators of sustainable development; -Show how this analytical...
How can the informed citizen know if the government is implementing a good-enough climate change policy? Most developed democracies have their own set of indicators for sustainable development, including indicators for climate change. These include yearly national emissions of greenhouse gasses (GHG...